Darryl See, M.D.
JEUNESSE Inc.
Institute of Longevity Medicine
CURRICULUM VITAE
Darryl Matthew See, MD
Associate Clinical Professor
World Health Organization, Western Europe
Director, Orange County Institute of Longevity Medicine
Co-chairman, Research division, American Nutraceutical Association
EDUCATION:
Fellowships:
1989-91 Infectious Diseases: University of California, Irvine
1992 Virology: University of California, Irvine
Residency:
1986-89 University of California, Irvine
Medical School:
1982-86 University of California, Irvine
Undergraduate:
1978-82 University of California, San Diego, B.A., Cum Laude
Languages:
Spanish -- proficient
French -- proficient
MEDICAL LICENSURE:
State of California, 1989
BOARD CERTIFICATION:
Internal Medicine, 1/90
Infectious Diseases, 11/92
ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS:
7/92 - 10/98 Assistant/Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine
7/92 - 10/98 Investigator, California Collaborative Treatment Group
7/94 - 10/98 Infectious Disease Consultant, Liver Transplantation Service
NON-ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS:
7/92 - 12/93 Chair, Infection Control Committee, Western Medical Center, Anaheim
10/97 - Member, Orange County HIV client services committee
9/97 - 8/98 Medical Expert, Pasadena County Court of Appeals (Judge Phillip Simon)
6/96 - 8/98 Consultant, Center for Special Immunology
1/98 - 10/98 Member, Orange County AIDS Planning Advisory Board
1/98 - Co-chair, Research Division, American Neutraceutical Association
3/99 - Director, Orange County Institute of Longevity Medicine
PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY:
Awards and Honors:
Alpha Omega Alpha Society
Winner, Department of Medicine Fellow's Research Competition, 1991 and 1992
Contracts, Grants and Research Awards:
Presentations at Professional Meetings:
Treatment of Coxsackievirus A9 Myocarditis in Mice with WIN 54954:
American College of Physicians (ACP) 6/91
Intersciences Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, (ICAAC) 1991
Treatment of Viral-Induced Diabetes in Mice:
ICAAC, 1992
Pathogenesis of Viral-Induced Diabetes in Mice:
ICAAC, 1993
Alpha Interferon Treatment of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome:
ICAAC, 1994
First Check HIV 1-2, a two-step, five minute whole blood immunochromatographic assay to detect HIV 1-2 antibodies:
XI International AIDS conference, Vancouver, Canada, 1996
The use of an Expert System in the management of HIV infection:
UARP collaborative meeting, 9/97
Application of a Genotypic Driven Rule-based Expert Artificial intelligence Computer system in Treatment Experienced HIV-infected patients, XIIth International Conference on AIDS, Geneva, 1998
Long-Term Effectiveness of HAART in a Large Clinical Group and the Role of Viral Resistance in the Treatment Failure, XIIth International Conference on AIDS, Geneva, 1998
Membership in Professional Organizations:
Alpha Omega Alpha (1985 - present)
Orange County Medical Society
UNIVERSITY AND PUBLIC SERVICE:
Instructor, Physical Examination Course, UCI Medical School, 1990 and 1991
Instructor, Introduction to Medicine Course, UCI Medical School, 1991 and 1992
Lecture, "Chronic Fatigue Syndrome," Department of Medicine Grand Rounds, 1/31/93
Instructor, Sexually Transmitted Diseases Course, Long Beach Health Department: 5/93, 9/93, 10/93, 2/94, 6/94
Attending Physician, Infectious Diseases clinic, 7/92 -
Instructor, Patient-Doctor II course, 1993-94, 94-95
Lecture, "Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Viral Illnesses," Intensive Review Course in Internal Medicine, 9/93, 9/94, 9/95
Attending physician, Infectious Disease consult service, 12/92, 6/94, 1/96, 1/98
Attending physician, General Medicine ward service, 4/93, 2/94, 11/94, 2/96
Lecture, "Sexually Transmitted Disease and Viral Illnesses," Intensive Review Course in Family Medicine, 6/94
Department of Medicine Core Lectures: "Sexually Transmitted Diseases" (7/93), "Newly Discovered Infections" (7/94)
Independent Research Supervisor: Biology 199 students, medicine residents
College of Medicine Interviewer, 1993- present
Lecture, "Treatable Viral Infections," Academie of Family Practitioners, 4/95
Lecture, "Overview of Hepatitis B and C," Huntington Beach Hospital Grand Rounds. 9/14/95.
Lecture, "Pathogenesis of HIV infection," for the conference, "Infectious Diseases: New Problems, New Treatments
and how they affect your practice," 10/95
Presentation, "Development of a Polyvalant Coxsackie Group B Virus Vaccine," for the J. Wayne Ebrite Infectious
Diseases Research Conference, 11/1/95
Lecture, "Current Concepts of Hepatitis C Infections and Therapy," for the Association for Professional Infection
Control and Epidemiology, 11/14/95.
Lecture, "Current Research in Chronic Fatigue and Immunodeficiency Syndrome," Dept. of Medicine Grand Rounds, 1/11/96
Co-Director, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia Clinic, UCIMC, 5/96 - present
Lecture, "New Concepts in the Etiology and Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome," Scripps Hospital Medical Grand Rounds, 12/11/96
Lecture, "Alternative and Complementary Therapies in AIDS," AIDS on the Front Line, 4/1/97
Lecture, "Complementary therapies in AIDS," fifth annual HIV/AIDS Advanced Nursing Management Conference, 9/97
Lecture, "Complementary therapies in AIDS," 9/97 Westin Hotel
Lecture, "New Concepts in the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome," Department of Medicine Grand Rounds, 10/97
Physician consultant, Nutrition/Education/Training committee, Orange County AIDS Services Foundation, 4/97-
CME accredited lectures, multiple national sites, "The scientifically-validated benefits of glyconutrients," 5/98-
Lecture series, Mechanisms of Disease, Second year Medical School Class, "Pathogenesis of Sepsis," 1994-1998
PUBLICATIONS:
Book Chapters, peer reviewed:
Journal Articles, peer reviewed:
Articles in General Readership Magazines and Newspapers:
Abstracts and Posters:
Work In Progress:
Our Evaluation of Dr. See
Thank you for your question about Dr. See. I am including a summary of the investigation that Dr. Hennen conducted on Dr. See. Before I contracted with Dr. See to test our product, I was very aware of the accusations against him. The reporter that was involved in the initial accusation has been known for years as an anti-nutritional advocate as well as anti-network marketing. I was interested in discovering the truth, knowing the possible backlash involved. After I conducted my investigation, 4Life conducted their own investigation. We talked to the editor of the JANA publication, as well as many of the same people that the reporter talked to. The editor was firmly behind Dr. See and the study. Several people said they were either misquoted or were asked the wrong questions. We were totally convinced that the accusations were a result of a "witch hunt."
Another factor to keep in mind is that Dr. See has performed research for Upjohn, Pfizer, Harvard, and the Department of Defense. As you will see in our report, Dr. See has been rewarded with grants totalling into the millions of dollars. These companies and institutions will not work with someone who is not credible. Because of fear of lawsuits involving a stock situation where stockholders lost a great deal of money, Mannatech, in my opinion tried to use Dr. See as a scapegoat, in order to avoid lawsuits by stockholders who were affected by stock fluctuations.
Other accusations referred to the fact that Dr. See was paid lecturing fees by Mannatech. This is a common practice and was very justified. Virtually all authors and medical professionals who lecture on specific products or scientific breakthroughs are paid for expenses and their time, especially when they are invited to speak to the distributors of that particular company. Dr. See's resume is outstanding, his credentials as a research scientist and medical professional are beyond reproach.
When I approached Dr. See through certain contacts, he was not aware of an oral form of transfer factor. He had no personal interest in Transfer Factor, until he discovered its potential. Now he uses it in his cancer clinic and lectures about it quite frequently. He does not receive any proceeds from 4Life or myself to lecture about TF. If we ever decided to pay him for lectures, it would be quite appropriate.
I have come to know Dr. See in the past few months as a very warm-hearted individual who cares deeply about others. He is a very honest and sincere person. I have talked to a great number of health professionals who have known him for a long period of time. Without exemption, they praise him for his integrity, his passion to help others, and his professional credibility.
4Life does not need the endorsement of Dr. See. Transfer factor has more science behind it than any nutritional product that I have consumed or worked with during my 32-year career. Its credibility stands alone on the hundreds of studies and individual use. We chose to use this study because of the fact that Dr. See's study printed in JANA would give us a direct comparison with 196 of the most popular products in the world. We came out on top by 500%. Sixteen times more effective than Noni, 5 times more effective than Ambrotose, and more than five times more effective than Echinacea.
I have been asked about differences between claims by companies such as Morinda (50% increase in NK activity) and Dr. See's test results for Noni (15% actual effectiveness). The difference is in what is being measured. Several products have been tested for the increase in the number of NK cells. Dr. See's test was on the actual increase in the NK cell's ability to kill live cancer cells, effectiveness versus an increase in numbers only. Transfer Factor is unlike any other product in that it stores experienced information, while other nutrients support immune functions. The difference is like a carpenter versus building materials. Transfer factor is like the carpenter with the intelligence to target the use of all materials to build the house, while other nutrients are building materials such as wood, nails, etc. Transfer Factor targets the enemy for the rest of the immune cells and induces the increase in the actual numbers at the same time. Very importantly, TF will command the immune cells through suppressors, to return to their original numbers after the battle with the invaders is over. Once the immune system is incited if it is not commanded to back off, inflammation, immune system exhaustion, and autoimmune disease can occur.
I could go on and on, there is so much to share about Transfer Factor and Dr. See. The following is an overview conducted by the research biochemist at 4Life on Dr. See and the accusations made against him. If you have further questions, please forward them to me. My suggestion is that you do not let a "witch hunt" distract you from experiencing one of the greatest breakthroughs in health care in decades. Dr. See is only one of hundreds of medical professionals who are endorsing TF. As an example, Duane Townsend, M.D. has referred to Transfer Factor as possibly the greatest breakthrough since the discovery of penicillin. Dr. Townsend has written a number of chapters in medical textbooks. He pioneered a medical procedure used in treating a precancerous condition in the cervix, which is used by virtually every gynecologist in this country. This list goes on and on. Thanks again for your interest. Read on concerning Dr. Hennen's rebuttal of accusations against Dr. See.
Mike Akins
Darryl M. See, M.D.
EDUCATION
Graduated from University of California, Irvine College of Medicine, 1986
Internship and Residency at University of California Irvine, 1986-89
Specialized in Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease.
FELLOWSHIPS
Infectious Diseases: University of California, Irvine, 1989-91
Virology: University of California, Irvine, 1992
MEDICAL BOARD CERTIFICATION
Medical licensure, State of California, 1987 (License current through 2001)
$nbsp;$nbsp;$nbsp;$nbsp;Board Certification: Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease
ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS
Assistant Clinical Professor University of California, Irvine, 1992-98
Associate Clinical Professor University of California, Irvine, 1998
Investigator, California Collaborative Treatment Group, 1992-98
Infectious Disease Consultant, Liver Transplantation Service, 1994-98
GRANTS AND RESEARCH AWARDS
Dr. Darryl M. See has received over $ 1,663,000 in research grants involving 22 scientific studies including but not limited to Double-Blind Placebo Controlled studies, in-vivo and in-vitro studies for pharmaceuticals and natural ingredients. He has received these grants from Private and Public entities including the National Institutes of Health.
PUBLICATIONS
Dr. See has Authored or co-authored 35 peer-reviewed book chapters and journal articles, 5 general interest articles for magazines and newspapers, 12 abstracts and has 3 works in progress. His recent peer-reviewed article published in The Journal of the American Nutraceutical Association (JANA, Vol.2, No. 1, Winter 1999) has been heralded as a "landmark publication" in the study of natural products and their effects on Natural Killer Cells.
Dr. See has also made several presentations to various professional and scientific groups on topics ranging from Diabetes and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome to Treatment of HIV patients.
JANA ARTICLE UPHELD AS "LANDMARK" STUDY
In recent months a few individuals have questioned the validity of the Winter 1999 JANA article entitled An In Vitro Screening Study of 196 Natural Products for Toxicity and Efficacy. This study provided unprecedented documentation on both safety and efficacy for a wide range of nutritional ingredients and formulations. It determined the effectiveness of natural ingredients to enhance Natural Killer (NK) Cell Activity against live cancer cells. After thorough review by many industry experts, it has been thoroughly established that the methodology used and compilations calculated in the study were done in accordance with accepted scientific protocol. An independent auditor has concluded that the calculations in the JANA study were correct and found no reason to discount or question the conclusions of the study.
PUBLISHER ENDORSES DR. SEE'S STUDY
"I am aware of no valid information that would question the conclusions of the report as they were published regarding the 196 products tested nor am I aware of any information that would require JANA to retract the conclusions reported on the testing of the 196 products. I have found Dr. See to be an honorable, ethical researcher." December, 1999
$nbsp;$nbsp;$nbsp;$nbsp;Dr. Allen Montgomery
$nbsp;$nbsp;$nbsp;$nbsp;Publisher of The Journal of the American Nutraceutical Association.
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (NIH) OFTEN FUND STUDIES OF THIS TYPE
Critics have questioned Dr. See for stating that the study was partially funded by the NIH. Leigh Sawyer, an NIH program officer has admitted that a grant was given to The University of California, Irvine and Dr. See was involved in using the proceeds of the grant "to study Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, not the merits of natural supplements." Dr. See has stated that his work in the study of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) led him to investigate the "merits" of natural supplements as possible relief for those suffering from the Syndrome. It is a common practice of Universities and research facilities to employ a small portion of current funding as "seed money" to examine promising new research. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is associated with a low Natural Killer Cell activity. The discovery of substances to enhance NK activity would be extremely important to the CFS sufferers.
COMMON PRACTICE TO GIVE CREDIT TO THE FUNDING ORGANIZATION
It is common for assays such as those reported in the JANA article to be performed during periods when a technician may be waiting for some other experiment to run its course. If the technician was supported by the NIH grant, though such credit may be considered generous on the part of the researcher, the source of the partial funding is often given as a courtesy. NIH funding does not constitute NIH endorsement. Dr. See never at any time suggested or implied that the NIH endorsed the conclusions of the study. He simply was complying with protocol to give credit where credit was due. As a note, The National Institutes of Health have never challenged the conclusions of Dr. See's study.
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH FUNDED BY CONGRESS
The National Institutes of Health is by far the largest public funding agency for biomedical research in the United States, or in the World. A large portion of NIH funding is spent on drug discovery and development. Only a small percentage of funding is allocated to evaluation and development of alternative medicine. Individuals who have obtained funding from NIH through its Public Health Services (PHS) grants are mandated by the terms of the grant to acknowledge NIH (PHS) support. This is easily understood as NIH is a political as well as a research entity. It must petition Congress each year for funding. The number of scientific papers that are published through NIH support is an easily communicated measure of the effectiveness of the money that is allocated to NIH for this purpose. The more papers the better the agency's chance of funding.
UNSUBSTANTIATED CONTROVERSY CREATED
Dr. See's association with a private supplement company which (unknown to Dr. See) was being investigated by a securities watch-dog organization for improprieties in its Initial Public Offering (IPO) brought the study into question. The watch-dog organization alleged that the supplement company used Dr. See's study to illegally promote its IPO. It is now known that Dr. See's study was done over six years and was unknown to the supplement company until the results were completed. When positive results of products sold by the private supplement company were made public, the company asked Dr. See to report his findings to customers of the supplement company. This practice is very common in the medical world. The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) encourages such findings to be made public as long as the material is balanced, truthful and not misleading. Dr. See's peer-reviewed published study certainly has met all requirements of DSHEA.
CONTROVERSY OVER STUDY MAY BE POLITICALLY MOTIVATED
The political nature of NIH funding is such that good publicity is the only publicity that is allowed. Anyone who brings controversy to NIH is in extreme danger of losing all current and future funding. If a controversy arises it is more expedient for the agency to sever its association than to try to justify any entanglement. Dr. See respectfully withdrew his statement that the study had been partially funded by the NIH rather than create any further problems for the NIH.
MUCH OF RESEARCH FOR STUDY DONE AT UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE
It has been reported in the press that The University of California, Irvine (UCI) was unable to find evidence that the study was performed at UCI. Dr. Jeremiah Tilles, chairman of the school's infectious disease department and co-author with Dr. See on many peer-reviewed articles is reported to have said he knew nothing about Dr. See's six-year study of nutritional supplements. Lab technician Marikel Chatard is quoted as saying, "I don't know anything about this study."
It has been well documented that many of the lab experiments for the study were done at UCI. They were done over six years with many lab technicians involved in the work. In fact, Dr. See left his lab books documenting the study at UCI when he left in 1998 and was only recently able to retrieve them. The fact that UCI had the lab books documenting the study is evidence that the work was done there. It is not uncommon for other professors and employees of a University to be unaware of specifics of a colleague's ongoing work.
JEREMIAH TILLES PUBLISHED FOUR PAPERS ABOUT NATURAL INGREDIENTS WITH DR. SEE
It seems somewhat incredulous that Dr. Tilles was not aware of Dr. See's work since they published several papers together including the following:
In vitro effects of echinacea and ginseng on natural killer and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity in healthy subjects and chronic fatigue syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. See DM; Broumand N; Sahl L; Tilles JG. Immunopharmacology 1997, 35:229-35.
A Phase I Study on the Safety of Echinacea angustifolia and its Effect on Viral Load in HIV Infected Individuals. See DM; Berman S; Justis J; Broumand N; Chou S; Chang J; Tilles J. JANA 1998, 1:14-17.
The in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory effects of Hansi. See DM; Tilles J; Hirshman J; Bertacchini C. Am J Nat Med 1998, 5:10-14.
The in vitro immunomodulatory effects of glyconutrients on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. See DM; Cimoch P; Chou S; Chang J; Tilles J. Integr Physiol Behav Sci 1998, 33:280-7.
In Dr. Tilles's favor, the JANA article as published was a compilation of smaller studies using standard protocols conducted over a six year time span. If a standard assay was being run it would be a simple thing to prepare the necessary samples and test them with very little additional expense or time spent. Compiling the data would be a simple clerical task requiring no laboratory time and was accomplished by Dr. See after he left the University. Dr. Tilles did not contribute to the work and could not be expected to know about it in any significant way.
Dr. See and Dr. Tilles jointly published four previous papers covering natural products safety and efficacy under the auspices of the University (see above references). In fact, the University omitted Dr. See's name when a paper was presented on glyconutrients in London in April of 1999, after Dr. See left UCI. A comparison of the abstract submitted to the Fatigue 2000 symposium and the abstract of the paper submitted by Dr. See and published in the Journal of Integrative Physiology and Behavioral Science (1998, 33:280-7) are identical. The only significant difference between the two works is the omission of the primary author, Dr. See, from the later published symposium record. From primary author to non-author is a huge change. This indicates that the University or members of its faculty were willing to take credit but not criticism for researching the immune system benefits of natural products.
LAB TECHNICIAN
Marikel Chatard, the laboratory technician who was reported to have said, "I don't know anything about this study" did conduct some of the experiments and obtained some of the data used in the compilation of the study. She was, however, not the main technician who conducted the studies. Technicians who conduct routine testing over an extended period of time are not likely to be aware of or even interested in any overarching research direction. Ms. Chatard certainly could have been expected to remember working on such a large study if it had been done as a concentrated effort specifically for the purpose of assembling the data reported in the JANA paper. Spread this same amount of work over six years and only involving tests at irregular intervals and the comment could be easily made.
DR. SEE'S RESIGNATION FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE
Dr. See resigned in 1998 from the faculty of the School of Medicine at UCI. It has been reported that he was asked to resign because he had "broken rules" of the University, operating on rabbits with the improper anesthetic and not having approval to use human blood.
The animal operations referred to were conducted with a disassociative anesthetic that allows for some muscle twitching but no sensation of pain. These operations were conducted under outside oversight and after approval by the University's Institutional Review Board (IRB) which consists of experienced and responsible scientists and physicians.
The use of blood samples in vitro testing is listed by UCI as an exempt activity with respect to the need for Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. Correctly interpreted this means that IRB approval is not needed but that only notice for informational purposes was required. Dr. See therefore committed what amounts to a small clerical oversight.
Dr. See has admitted to misinterpreting the University's rules on filing informational notices with the IRB when conducting this type of research.
Neither of these incidents had any bearing on Dr. See's decision to leave the University.
DR. SEE DID NOT WITHHOLD INFORMATION
An over-enthusiastic reporter wrote that Dr. See would not turn over laboratory notebooks used in the study when asked.
Not turning over laboratory notebooks implies that the researcher in question has something to hide. At the time of the question, Dr. See was no longer with the University and to his credit he had left the original research notebooks with the University for archiving. As discussed previously, Dr. See did not have the notebooks in his possession and therefore could not comply with the request without the cooperation of the University which did not come until later. In the University's defense, the study reported in JANA was very large. The pertinent data was dispersed through many notebooks of various students and laboratory technicians over a six year time frame. Scientists are not librarians. Scientists tend to look ahead rather than back and once the data is published the records were most likely boxed up and stashed away not neatly cataloged and shelved. It is noteworthy that legal action was required to get the records released by the University.